TY - BOOK AU - Kenneth Newton TI - Foundations of Comparative Politics (Fourth Edition) SN - 978-1-108-92739-0 U1 - 321.8, NEW 2021 PY - 2021/// CY - United Kingdom PB - Cambridge University Press N1 - Contents: . List of Briefing . List of Controversies . List of Figures . List of Tables . Preface . List of Abbreviations . How to use this Book Introduction . Why Comparative Politics? . The Strengths and Weakness of Cross- National . Comparatives Political Science . The Problems That Run through the Book- what to Watch for Part I . The State: Origins and Development . The development of Modern State . What is the State . Territory, People, Sovereignty . The Rise of Modern State . Catalysts: War and Capitalism . Growth and Retardation after 1945 . Failed State . State Theories . What Have We Learned? . Lessons of Comparison State and Democracy . Why study States in a Globalized World? . The Modern State and Democracy . Measuring and Comparing Democracies . Redistribution and the Active State . Theories of Sate and Society . What have we learned? . Lessons of Comparison Democratic Change . Transitions Democracy . The Limits of Democratization . Embedded, Partial and Defective Democracies . Theories of Democratic Change . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Part II The Polity: Structures and Institutions . Constitutions . What a constitution is, and why we have them . The Separation of power . Unitary and Federal States . The limits of Constitutionalism . Constitutional and Institutional Theories . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Presidential and Parliamentary Government . Presidential System . Parliamentary System . Semi- Presidential System . Presidential, Parliamentary and Semi- Presidential System Compared . Theories of Presidential, Parliamentary and Semi- Presidential Government . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Multi-Level Govrnment: International, National and Subnational . Supranational and International Government . The National Level: Federal and Unitary States . Local Government . The Arguments for and against Centralization and Decentralization . Theories of Multi – Level Government . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Policy Making and Legislating: Executives and Legislature . Making Laws: Executive and Legislatures . The Function of Ligatures . Theories of Democratic Institution: Consensus and Majoritarian System . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Implementation: The Public Bureaucracy . The Organization of the State Bureaucracy . Policy Making and Administration . The Dictatorship of the Official . The New Public Management . Theories of Public Bureaucracy . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Part III Citizens, Elites and Interest Mediation . Political Attitude . Political Behavior . Political Attire Groups and behavior . Theories of Political Attitudes and behavior . What Have We Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Pressure Groups and Social Movements . Political Connection . Pressure Groups and Social Movements in Action Determinants of Power . Corporatism, Para-Government and Tri-Partism/ Pluralism . International NGOs . Group Pressure Groups and Democracy . Theories of Voluntary Organizations and Pressure Groups The Media . The News Media Theory and Practice . Organizations and Regulation . Ownership and Control . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Voters and Elections . Democratic Elections . Voting Systems .Voter Turnout . Party Voting . Theories of Voting Party Government . Party Organization . Party Families . Parties in Government . New Parties and Government . Theories of Parties . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Part IV Polies and Performance . Political Ideologies . The Nature of Ideology . Four Main Democratic Ideologies . Three other school of Thought . The end of ideology and the end of history . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Policy Making . Public Policy: Their Nature and Importance . The Public – Policy Cycle . Public Policy strictures . Theories of decision making . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Public Spending and Public Policies . The Ends and Means of Government . General Government Expenditure . Welfare States and Redistribution . Theories of State Activity . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison The Future of the Democratic State . States and Sovereignty . The Retreat of the State . Democracy without borders . A Crisis of Democracy . The Future of Democracy . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Postscript: How and What to Compare? . Comparing many or few Countries . Selecting Comparable Countries . How many Countries is enough? . Comparing Apples and Oranges . What have we learned . Glossary of key Terms . Index N2 - Contents: . List of Briefing . List of Controversies . List of Figures . List of Tables . Preface . List of Abbreviations . How to use this Book Introduction . Why Comparative Politics? . The Strengths and Weakness of Cross- National . Comparatives Political Science . The Problems That Run through the Book- what to Watch for Part I . The State: Origins and Development . The development of Modern State . What is the State . Territory, People, Sovereignty . The Rise of Modern State . Catalysts: War and Capitalism . Growth and Retardation after 1945 . Failed State . State Theories . What Have We Learned? . Lessons of Comparison State and Democracy . Why study States in a Globalized World? . The Modern State and Democracy . Measuring and Comparing Democracies . Redistribution and the Active State . Theories of Sate and Society . What have we learned? . Lessons of Comparison Democratic Change . Transitions Democracy . The Limits of Democratization . Embedded, Partial and Defective Democracies . Theories of Democratic Change . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Part II The Polity: Structures and Institutions . Constitutions . What a constitution is, and why we have them . The Separation of power . Unitary and Federal States . The limits of Constitutionalism . Constitutional and Institutional Theories . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Presidential and Parliamentary Government . Presidential System . Parliamentary System . Semi- Presidential System . Presidential, Parliamentary and Semi- Presidential System Compared . Theories of Presidential, Parliamentary and Semi- Presidential Government . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Multi-Level Govrnment: International, National and Subnational . Supranational and International Government . The National Level: Federal and Unitary States . Local Government . The Arguments for and against Centralization and Decentralization . Theories of Multi – Level Government . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Policy Making and Legislating: Executives and Legislature . Making Laws: Executive and Legislatures . The Function of Ligatures . Theories of Democratic Institution: Consensus and Majoritarian System . What Have we Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Implementation: The Public Bureaucracy . The Organization of the State Bureaucracy . Policy Making and Administration . The Dictatorship of the Official . The New Public Management . Theories of Public Bureaucracy . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Part III Citizens, Elites and Interest Mediation . Political Attitude . Political Behavior . Political Attire Groups and behavior . Theories of Political Attitudes and behavior . What Have We Learned? . Lessons of Comparison Pressure Groups and Social Movements . Political Connection . Pressure Groups and Social Movements in Action Determinants of Power . Corporatism, Para-Government and Tri-Partism/ Pluralism . International NGOs . Group Pressure Groups and Democracy . Theories of Voluntary Organizations and Pressure Groups The Media . The News Media Theory and Practice . Organizations and Regulation . Ownership and Control . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Voters and Elections . Democratic Elections . Voting Systems .Voter Turnout . Party Voting . Theories of Voting Party Government . Party Organization . Party Families . Parties in Government . New Parties and Government . Theories of Parties . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Part IV Polies and Performance . Political Ideologies . The Nature of Ideology . Four Main Democratic Ideologies . Three other school of Thought . The end of ideology and the end of history . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Policy Making . Public Policy: Their Nature and Importance . The Public – Policy Cycle . Public Policy strictures . Theories of decision making . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Public Spending and Public Policies . The Ends and Means of Government . General Government Expenditure . Welfare States and Redistribution . Theories of State Activity . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison The Future of the Democratic State . States and Sovereignty . The Retreat of the State . Democracy without borders . A Crisis of Democracy . The Future of Democracy . What Have We Learned . Lessons of Comparison Postscript: How and What to Compare? . Comparing many or few Countries . Selecting Comparable Countries . How many Countries is enough? . Comparing Apples and Oranges . What have we learned . Glossary of key Terms . Index ER -